RESUMEN
We found that 19 (10.4%) of 183 unvaccinated children hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia had autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing type I IFNs (IFN-α2 in 10 patients: IFN-α2 only in three, IFN-α2 plus IFN-ω in five, and IFN-α2, IFN-ω plus IFN-ß in two; IFN-ω only in nine patients). Seven children (3.8%) had Abs neutralizing at least 10 ng/ml of one IFN, whereas the other 12 (6.6%) had Abs neutralizing only 100 pg/ml. The auto-Abs neutralized both unglycosylated and glycosylated IFNs. We also detected auto-Abs neutralizing 100 pg/ml IFN-α2 in 4 of 2,267 uninfected children (0.2%) and auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-ω in 45 children (2%). The odds ratios (ORs) for life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia were, therefore, higher for auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-α2 only (OR [95% CI] = 67.6 [5.7-9,196.6]) than for auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-ω only (OR [95% CI] = 2.6 [1.2-5.3]). ORs were also higher for auto-Abs neutralizing high concentrations (OR [95% CI] = 12.9 [4.6-35.9]) than for those neutralizing low concentrations (OR [95% CI] = 5.5 [3.1-9.6]) of IFN-ω and/or IFN-α2.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Interferón Tipo I , Niño , Humanos , Interferón-alfa , AutoanticuerposRESUMEN
The incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is increasing throughout the world. This trend may be explained by the accelerator hypothesis. Our study investigated growth, its biochemical markers, and their associations with the development of diabetes-associated autoantibodies (DAAB) in 219 children with genetic risk for T1D. Subjects were divided into risk groups based on their human leukocyte antigen genotype. Children in the moderate- to high-risk group were significantly taller when corrected to mid-parental height and had a lower insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)/IGF-1 binding protein (IGFBP-3) molar ratio than those in the low-risk group (corrected height standard deviation score 0.22±0.93 vs. -0.04±0.84, P<0.05; molar ratio 0.199±0.035 vs. 0.211+0.039, P<0.05). Children with DAAB tended to be taller and to have a higher body mass index than those with no DAAB. Our results suggest that the accelerator hypothesis explaining the increasing incidence of T1D may not solely be dependent on environmental factors, but could be partially genetically determined.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 , Estatura , Índice de Masa Corporal , Niño , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/epidemiología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/genética , Genotipo , Humanos , Factor I del Crecimiento Similar a la InsulinaRESUMEN
Background The need for screening for autoimmune thyroid disease in children who have HLA-conferred susceptibility to type 1 diabetes (T1D), but have not yet been diagnosed with T1D, has not been thoroughly studied. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of positive thyroid peroxidase antibodies and its effect on thyroid function in children with genetic susceptibility to T1D as well as to describe the association between thyroid autoimmunity and HLA-DQ genotypes. Methods Cross-sectional study in 223 children (112 boys) aged 7.4-10.5 years with HLA-conferred susceptibility to T1D. TPOAb were measured in all children; thyroglobulin antibodies (TGAb) and thyroid function in TPOAb positive subjects. Results Girls had a significantly higher median TPOAb concentration than boys (12 vs 11 kU/L; p=0.001). Positive TPOAb occurred in 13.9% and positive TGAb in 4% of subjects. Only two children had mild changes in thyroid function. There was no association between HLA risk groups and the prevalence of TPOAb. Conclusions TPOAb are common in children with HLA-conferred susceptibility to T1D, yet are weakly associated with thyroid function, suggesting limited value of thyroid screening in this cohort.
